Within the case of Croydon, the borough’s drivers paid extra in Ulez costs within the two calendar years earlier than the zone expanded (£1.9m in 2021 and 2022), than within the two years throughout and following the growth (£1.2m in 2023 and 2024). The identical is true in Hillingdon and Enfield, suggesting that a lot of the Ulez’s monetary affect in outer London was felt earlier than the growth there really occured.
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